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It is located on Museum square, also known as Alexander the Great square. It was built in the 11th century and is the oldest and biggest temple that can be found today within the walls of the Medieval Town. In its original form, it belonged to the archaeological type of cruciform registered temple with a dome, which was then modified into a three-aisled basilica with gothic crossed arches in the middle aisle during the knightly period.The temple had different usages through the passage of time. Originally it was an Orthodox metropolis dedicated to Virgin Mary, then – during the knightly period- was established as a Catholic metropolis with the name Sancta Maria Castelli Rodi. The ottomans transformed it into a mosque known as Enderum mosque or Kantouri and finally today it is a byzantine museum under the Archaeological Service’s supervision.

Our Lady of the Castle is also considered a museum. Click here for an audio overview of all the museums in the Medieval Town.